Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
The Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (FJMR) is a scholarly publication produced by Formosa Publisher, focusing on a range of disciplines. Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (FJMR) is published on a monthly basis. Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (FJMR) is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal dedicated to the publication of research papers, review articles, case reports, case studies, book reviews, theses, dissertations, and more. Formosa Publisher collaborates with: Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (FJMR) has been widely indexed and listed by: 1. Google Scholar, 2. Copernicus International (ICV VALUE 2023: 83,26), 3. PKP Index, 4. Dimensions, 5. Directory of Research Journals Indexing, 6. CrossRef (DOI), 7. IUPUI Libraries, 8. Eurasian Scientific Journal Index, 9. Researchbib, 10. ROOT INDEXING, 11. Advance Science Index, 12. WorldCat, 13. Semantic Scholar, 14. Garuda, 15. Neliti 16. Indonesia OneSearch 17. Base (Bielefeld academic search engine), 18. Advanced Science Index, 19. Open AIRE 20. CiteFactor 21. Scilit 22. Global Index for Continuing Resources 23. Sherpa/Romeo
The Role of Brand Trust in Mediating the Influence of E-WOM on Purchasing Decisions in TikTok Shop (A Case Study of Denpasar City Residents)
This research investigates how electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) influences purchasing decisions among TikTok Shop users, with brand trust acting as a mediating variable. The study involved 101 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered using a survey method by distributing structured questionnaires, and the analysis was conducted using the SEM-PLS approach. The findings reveal that e-WOM exerts a positive impact on both purchasing decisions and brand trust. In addition, brand trust is found to have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Furthermore, brand trust partially mediates the relationship between e-WOM and purchasing decisions through a complementary mediation mechanism. These results suggest that TikTok Shop should place greater emphasis on strengthening brand trust and managing consumer reviews to encourage higher purchase intentions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Luh Putri Surya Dewi, Ni Nyoman Kerti Yasa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring Financial Management Practices and Business Sustainability Strategies among MSMEs
This study examines the relationship between financial management practices and business sustainability among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation were analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model. The findings show that the effectiveness of financial planning, bookkeeping, reporting, and financial control varies depending on the financial literacy of business owners. Business sustainability is shaped by the ability to compile and update business plans, conduct competitor analysis, explore new business opportunities, and take calculated risks. The study concludes that robust financial management enhances MSMEs’ resilience and strategic decision-making, while sustainability demands encourage continuous improvement in financial governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rintan Citrawati, Mochammad Arfani, Anita Asnawi, Damajanti Sri Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Strategic Intelligence in Securing Major Tourism Events: A Literature Review on the Mandalika MotoGP
This study examines the role of Strategic Intelligence (SI) in securing the Mandalika MotoGP, a Super Priority Tourism Destination in Indonesia. Adopting a non-systematic literature review, the research analyses the transition to Intelligence-Led Policing (ILP) and collaborative risk management. Findings reveal that SI serves as the core of the security architecture, integrating physical "Ring Systems," cyber defence, and "Penta-helix" stakeholder synergy. The study highlights the importance of predictive threat modelling for terrorism, cyber-attacks, and socio-agrarian conflicts. It concludes that SI enables a "soft" security model, where foresight and community participation mitigate risks while preserving the destination's branding and visitor experience.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Thoriq Fadlullah, Edy Saptono, Untung Hartono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Consumer Satisfaction with the Quality of Pharmaceutical Services at Cahaya Sehat Nusukan Pharmacy, Surakarta, Using the Service Quality Plus (SERVQUAL+) Method and SWOT Analysis
The researcher conducted a SWOT analysis to address service quality issues at Apotek Cahaya Sehat Nusukan Surakarta. To improve service quality, it is necessary to develop several dimensions that are part of the original service quality (SERVQUAL) model, along with additional dimensions tailored to the characteristics of pharmaceutical services in pharmacies. This led to the development of the Service Quality Plus (SERVQUAL+) model. The aim of this study is to determine the level of customer satisfaction with the quality of service at Apotek Cahaya Sehat Nusukan. This research employed an associative design using a survey approach through the distribution of questionnaires. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with purposive sampling, involving a total of 301 respondents. The study results showed that the customer satisfaction score was 94.49%, indicating that customers were highly satisfied. The influence of the nine variables on customer satisfaction was 56.2%. The gap analysis between perceived service and expectations yielded a value of -0.06, indicating that customer expectations had not yet been fully met. From the SWOT analysis, the IFAS score was positive 0.80 and the EFAS score was positive 0.90, placing Apotek Cahaya Sehat Nusukan Surakarta in Quadrant I, which signifies an aggressive and highly favorable strategic position.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hari Waluyo, Jason Merari Peranginangin, Lucia Vita Inandha Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Mechanism of Impulsive Buying among Generation Z on TikTok Shop: A Study of Social Influence and Economic Benefit through Arousal and Pleasure
This study aims to analyze the mechanism of impulsive buying among Generation Z on TikTok Shop through the influence of social influence and economic benefit, with arousal and pleasure as mediators, based on the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) framework. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method of 200 Generation Z respondents who are TikTok Shop users. The data analysis technique used was Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results showed that social influence and economic benefit had a positive and significant effect on impulsive buying. In addition, both variables also had a significant effect on arousal and pleasure. However, the test results showed that arousal did not have a significant effect on impulsive buying, while pleasure proved to have a positive and significant effect. These findings indicate that impulsive buying behavior among Generation Z on TikTok Shop is more dominantly influenced by positive emotions in the form of feelings of happiness and satisfaction (pleasure) than emotional arousal (arousal). This study provides theoretical contributions in the development of the SOR model in the context of social commerce, as well as practical implications for business actors in designing more effective digital marketing strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fadhel Kusumojati, Albari Albari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Entrepreneurship Education in Enhancing the Entrepreneurial Spirit of Students at Attibyan Islamic Boarding School, Gempol, Pasuruan
This community service activity aims to contribute to strengthening the entrepreneurial capacity of students at the At-Tibyan Islamic Boarding School. The program is implemented by identifying the needs of students in the boarding school's business units as a basis for developing contextual entrepreneurship training. The implementation methods include training in hard skills and soft skills through lectures, discussions, mentoring, and hands-on practice, as well as the use of digital-based learning. The community service activities are carried out in stages according to a planned schedule and accompanied by periodic evaluations. The results of the activities show an increase in the students' understanding and entrepreneurial skills, as well as the strengthening of the management of the boarding school's business units, which has implications for increasing the students' independence and readiness to face the business world.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilzania Khela K, Nadiah Fikriah Marwa, Rizqi Qurrota A’yun, Nadita Naeroby F R, Moh Farih Fahmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Evolution of the Indonesian Military's Counterinsurgency Strategy in the Modern Asymmetric Warfare Landscape in Papua
This study is grounded in the problem of how TNI’s counterinsurgency strategy has evolved in response to the dynamics of modern asymmetric warfare in Papua and to what extent these strategies have been effective. The research aims to analyze the paradigm shift and implementation of TNI’s counterinsurgency strategy in addressing multidimensional insurgent threats, as well as to identify challenges and opportunities for strengthening future strategies. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical research design, utilizing literature review methods on academic books, scholarly journals, policy documents, and official publications from state institutions such as the Ministry of Defense and the TNI. The findings indicate that TNI’s counterinsurgency strategy has shifted from a predominantly military-centric approach toward a more comprehensive, adaptive, and integrated framework involving non-military components, including intelligence operations, strategic communication, and development synergy. Nevertheless, significant challenges remain, particularly in managing information warfare, addressing human rights sensitivities, and enhancing inter-agency coordination. In conclusion, the effectiveness of TNI’s counterinsurgency in Papua depends on its capacity to manage asymmetric warfare holistically. This study recommends strengthening the integration of military and non-military approaches, enhancing intelligence capabilities, and optimizing strategic communication to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of counterinsurgency policies in Papua.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Ajufri Lubis, Oktaheroe Ramsi, Martinus D. Arjanjo W https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Potential Base Areas and Development Strategies for Small Ruminant Livestock in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Banyumas Regency, located in Central Java Province, Indonesia, has great potential for the development of small ruminant livestock (goats and sheep). The development of small ruminants plays an important role in food security and the rural economy of Banyumas Regency. This study aims to: (1) assess the potential of small ruminant livestock and identify base areas for goat and sheep development in Banyumas Regency; and (2) formulate development strategies for small ruminants. The methods used were surveys and documentation techniques. Surveys were carried out in four selected sub-districts with high goat population. Data were collected through literature studies, field observations, and interviews with farmers and policymakers. The collected data were analyzed using trend analysis, Location Quotient (LQ) analysis, and SWOT analysis. The results show that the goat population tends to decline, with the trend equation Y = 230786 − 5556.5X and R² = 0.4485. Conversely, the sheep population shows an increasing trend with Y = 11776 + 627.65X and R² = 0.8113. SWOT-based strategic analysis yielded scores of (0.58; –1.00), placing the coordinates in Quadrant II, indicating that the appropriate strategy for small ruminant development is the ST (Strengths–Threats) Strategy. This strategy utilizes existing strengths to overcome or minimize threats, also known as diversification strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nunung Noor Hidayat, Krismiwati Muatip, Rahayu Widiyanti, Yusmi Nur Wakhidati, Danang Nur Cahyo, Indra Sugiharto, Aras Prasetiyo Nugroho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strengthening National Security through Sustainable Agriculture
This paper examines the role of sustainable agriculture within the expanded framework of national security, emphasizing its relevance to non-traditional security threats. It contributes to the literature by positioning sustainable agriculture as strategic infrastructure that supports food security, environmental resilience, and social stability. Employing a qualitative research design based on a review of peer-reviewed academic literature, policy documents, and institutional reports, the study analyzes key concepts linking food systems and national security. The findings indicate that sustainable agricultural practices strengthen national resilience by reducing dependence on food imports, mitigating environmental degradation, and lowering the risk of food-related social unrest. These results suggest that integrating sustainable agriculture into national security frameworks is essential for addressing contemporary and future security challenges.
Copyright (c) 2026 Afifah Hanaa Nur Alaf, Priyanto Priyanto, Sunarko Sunarko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Invisible Siege: Re-evaluating Indonesia’s Defense Management Architecture against Transnational Non-Military Threats in the Digital Era
Indonesia’s defense architecture faces a critical strategic dissonance. While threats have shifted to the "Gray Zone"—manifesting as cyber-attacks and economic coercion—the national defense posture remains heavily oriented toward territorial military operations (Sishankamrata). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Indonesia’s current defense management in responding to transnational non-military threats and to diagnose the specific governance gaps hindering rapid response. This research employs a systematic critical review of key documents, including reputable journal articles, the National Defense Law, and strategic white papers. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis to juxtapose global threat evolution against domestic regulatory responses.The study reveals three core findings: Doctrine Lag: Indonesia’s regulations predominantly address physical invasion, leaving digital domains legally vague;Governance Mismatch: There is a significant "Administrative Lag" caused by sectoral egos among civilian and military agencies;Structural Void: The absence of an integrated operational command hub results in fragmented crisis management. Implications: To survive the invisible siege, Indonesia must shift from a hierarchical to a networked defense governance. Specifically, this requires operationalizing the National Security Council (DKN) as a unified command authority and redefining "People's Defense" to prioritize digital and economic resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Novrianto, Yanda Dwira Firman Z, Edy Saptono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of the Communication Strategy of the Padangsidimpuan City General Election Commission (KPU) in Increasing Voter Participation in the Simultaneous Elections
Voter participation is a key indicator of the quality of electoral democracy, particularly in the implementation of simultaneous elections at the local level. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the communication strategies implemented by Komisi Pemilihan Umum Kota Padangsidimpuan in increasing voter participation during the simultaneous elections. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and documentation. Research informants included election commissioners, technical staff responsible for voter education and socialization, democracy volunteers, and community members as voters. Data analysis was conducted using interactive analysis techniques involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, supported by source and technique triangulation to ensure data validity. The findings reveal that the Election Commission of Padangsidimpuan City applied a combinative communication strategy by integrating face-to-face communication with the use of digital and conventional media. This strategy contributed positively to increasing voters’ knowledge and awareness, particularly through structured socialization activities and social media dissemination. However, the effectiveness of the communication strategy remained partial due to challenges such as political distrust, voter fatigue, and limited two-way interaction in digital media practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Usman Riharnol Siskandra Siregar, Arifin Saleh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Importance of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in Flood Control in Sidoarjo Regency
Due in significant part to drainage degradation, sediment accumulation, tidal backflow, and disjointed institutional coordination, flood disasters continue to occur in Sidoarjo Regency every rainy season. In order to improve preparedness, expedite emergency responses, and facilitate methodical post-disaster rehabilitation, this project creates an organized Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for flood control in the Afvoer Pucang region. Using interviews, field observations, and data from important organizations such PUBMSDA Sidoarjo, BPBD East Java, BPBD Sidoarjo, and the Brantas River Basin Center (BBWS), a qualitative case study design was used. The Miles and Huberman paradigm, which prioritizes reduction, organization, and iterative verification, was used to examine the data. The results demonstrate that a successful SOP needs to function throughout three interrelated stages. In order to improve community preparedness, the pre-flood phase concentrates on regular channel maintenance, hydrometeorological monitoring, public outreach, and disaster simulation exercises. Quick decision-making, command post activation, technical coordination for pump and gate operations, evacuation of susceptible individuals, and prompt logistics distribution are crucial during the emergency response phase. Structured damage assessments, expedited cleanup, and regular process reviews to improve institutional coordination are the main focuses of the post-flood phase.
Copyright (c) 2026 Veronika Nugraheni Sri Lestari, Budiyanto Budiyanto, Triyonowati Triyonowati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Effect of the Planned Implementation of the Single Salary System and Self-Efficacy on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction at BPS-Statistics of Langkat Regency
This research seeks to examine the impact of the planned single salary system and self-efficacy on employee performance, with job satisfaction acting as an intervening variable, at the BPS-Statistics of Langkat Regency. Adopting a quantitative research design, the study involved all civil servants at the BPS-Statistics of Langkat Regency, totaling 39 respondents. Data collection was conducted through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling via Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings reveal that both the anticipated implementation of the single salary system and self-efficacy positively and significantly influence job satisfaction and employee performance. Additionally, job satisfaction itself significantly enhances employee performance and functions as a mediating variable that strengthens the relationship between self-efficacy and performance. Conversely, job satisfaction does not significantly mediate the relationship between the planned single salary system and employee performance. These results suggest that enhancing employee performance is not solely reliant on compensation policies, but is substantially shaped by individual psychological factors in conjunction with job satisfaction. The study provides practical insights for BPS management in developing more effective and sustainable human resource policies.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Ikmal Husein Lubis, Yeni Absah, Hamdani Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gamifying Science Education: A Bibliometric Review of Gamification Practices in Science Teaching and Learning
This bibliometric study maps gamification trends in science education—instructional modes (online, face-to-face, blended), content areas, educational levels, and philosophical foundations—to address gaps in empirical perspectives beyond descriptive/quantitative analyses. We systematically analyzed 15 peer-reviewed, open- access Scopus-indexed papers published 2015– 2025, classifying them by delivery mode, science discipline, learner level, and theoretical frameworks. Findings reveal dominant trends in blended/online modalities, secondary-level chemistry/physics applications, and pragmatist and constructivist philosophies, highlighting underexplored areas like primary education and face-to-face implementation. These insights guide educators and policymakers toward targeted gamification strategies, enhancing science learning engagement and outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dandy V Alcido, Romalyn L Talla, Joshua T Soriano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Responsiveness of the Surabaya City Police in Handling Reports of Criminal Acts in Surabaya City
This study aims to analyze the responsiveness of the Surabaya City Police in handling criminal reports in Surabaya City. Responsiveness is a willingness to help service users and provide services sincerely. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The theory used in this study is the theory proposed by Zeithaml et al (1990). This concept is known as the servqual model, which includes tangibles (physical evidence), reliability (reliability), responsiveness (responsiveness), assurance (guarantee), and empathy (caring). These five dimensions are benchmarks in assessing the extent to which public services are able to meet or even exceed community expectations. The results of the study indicate that the Surabaya City Police have been running well, but there are several obstacles that make it less than optimal, which include 6 indicators: the ability to respond to the community, speed in providing services, accuracy in providing services, accuracy in services, timeliness of services, and the ability to respond to complaints.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ario Dewandaru, Agus Widiyarta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Global Research Trends on Eco-Culture-Based Marine Tourism Management: A Bibliometric Analysis
This study examines global research trends on eco-culture-based marine tourism management using a bibliometric approach to evaluate publication dynamics, thematic developments, and knowledge structures. Bibliographic data were analyzed to identify annual publication growth, country contributions, journal performance, and citation patterns, while VOSviewer was employed to visualize keyword linkages and thematic clusters. The results show a consistent rise in scientific output, with a notable surge in the past five years, demonstrating the growing prominence of sustainability-oriented marine tourism research. Keyword mapping reveals that themes such as ecosystem protection, cultural heritage, community-based management, and sustainable tourism practices dominate the literature. These findings highlight the increasing academic focus on integrating ecological and cultural dimensions in coastal tourism governance. The study contributes empirical evidence that supports future research directions and provides practical insights for designing marine tourism policies that balance environmental sustainability, cultural preservation, and socio-economic development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Made Ika Prastyadewi, Putu Yusi Pramandari, Ni Nyoman Yuliarmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of Physiotherapy and Pharmacological Therapy in Patients with Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review
Osteoporosis is a bone disease that causes bones to become brittle and fracture easily, which can lead to a decreased quality of life and increase the risk of death. Current osteoporosis therapies include pharmacological therapies, such as bisphosphonates and calcium, as well as non-pharmacological therapies, such as physical exercise and lifestyle changes. However, many osteoporosis patients still do not receive effective therapy. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy and pharmacological therapies in patients with osteoporosis. This review was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. The keywords used were "osteoporosis," "physiotherapy," "pharmacological therapy," "bone density," "muscle strength," and "body balance." Selected articles were published in English and had a valid research design. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria. The review results showed that physiotherapy, such as strength and flexibility training, can improve muscle strength and balance in osteoporosis patients. Pharmacological therapies, such as bisphosphonates and calcium, can increase bone density and reduce the risk of fractures. The combination of physiotherapy and pharmacological therapy was more effective in improving bone density, muscle strength, and balance than either therapy alone. The conclusion of this review indicates that a combination of physiotherapy and pharmacology is more effective in improving bone density, muscle strength, and balance in osteoporosis patients.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sulthanah Syahirah, Ismedsyah Ismedsyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Computational Study of Veronicasroside and Vicenin-2 Ethanol Extracts from Paraboea Sp Leaves as EGFR Inhibitors
Paraboea sp., commonly known as limestone mistletoe, is widely distributed in the limestone mountainous region of Batulicin, South Kalimantan, and has been traditionally used by local communities as an anticancer remedy. However, scientific investigations on its secondary metabolites with potential anticancer activity remain limited. This study aimed to computationally explore the anticancer potential of secondary metabolites from Paraboea sp. leaves by evaluating their interactions with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Molecular docking simulations were performed to predict the binding affinity and interaction stability of two selected secondary metabolites, veronicastroside and vicenin-2, against EGFR. The results revealed that both compounds exhibited favorable interactions with EGFR, with binding energies of −10.0 kcal/mol for veronicastroside and −9.0 kcal/mol for vicenin-2. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) values of the veronicastroside–EGFR and vicenin-2–EGFR complexes were 1.32 Å and 1.98 Å, respectively, indicating stable binding conformations. These findings suggest that veronicastroside, in particular, has promising potential for further development as an ethnomedicine-based supplement to support cancer health management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fujiati Fujiati, Joharman Joharman, Maria Ulfah, Nina Mulyani, William Luth, Andifa Anugerah Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Social Values and Economic Context on User Adaptation to Adaptive Smart Homes in Grand Duta City Bekasi
The development of modern residential areas has accelerated the adoption of smart home technology as an effort to enhance energy efficiency and residential comfort. However, the level of user adaptation to such technology is not determined solely by technical aspects but is also influenced by socio-cultural factors inherent to users. This study aims to examine the effects of social values, needs, and social relationships (X1), as well as economic context and accessibility (X2), on the level of user adaptation to adaptive smart home technology (Y) in the Grand Duta City Bekasi residential area. This study employed a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis involving 144 respondents residing in landed housing units. The results indicate that, partially, both social values, needs, and social relationships (X1), as well as economic context and accessibility (X2), have a significant influence on user adaptation to adaptive smart homes (Y). Simultaneously, these independent variables are also proven to explain variations in user adaptation levels. These findings suggest that the successful implementation of smart home technology strongly depends on its alignment with community social values, supported by economic capacity and ease of access to technology.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulkifli Puteh, James E.D Rilatupa, Aryantono Martowidjojo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Applied Ensemble Machine Learning Framework for Data-Driven Decision Support Using Socioeconomic Data
This study presents an applied ensemble machine learning framework for data-driven decision support using socioeconomic and demographic data. The problem is formulated as a supervised regression task, where nonlinear relationships between input variables and outcome indicators are approximated using Random Forest and Gradient Boosting models. The proposed framework emphasizes robustness, interpretability, and practical applicability rather than algorithmic novelty. Experimental results demonstrate that ensemble models achieve stable predictive performance under heterogeneous data conditions. Feature importance analysis highlights the contribution of key socioeconomic factors, illustrating how ensemble learning can support system-level understanding and analytical decision making. A real-world socioeconomic dataset is employed as a case study to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework in applied computing and informatics contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Maulana Antariksa, Shofiyati Nur Karimah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Women in the Java War: A Case Study of Estri Soldier
The Java War (1825–1830) was not only interpreted as a political and military conflict between Prince Diponegoro and Dutch colonialism, but also as a space that showed the active role of women in the struggle. One of the most prominent manifestations is the existence of the Estri Soldiers, a women's army formed since the era of Raden Mas Said (Mangkunegara I) and has a strategic role in the defense of the Kingdom of Mataram. This research aims to reveal the contribution of the female soldiers in the military, social, and political dimensions of the Java War through the framework of Carl von Clausewitz's guerrilla war theory, Hannah Arendt's whole society approach, the concept of Women, Peace and Security (WPS), and strategic feminism. The method used is qualitative with a literature study of the main works of Peter Carey & Vincent Houben (2016) as well as other archival and secondary sources. The results of the study show that Estri Soldiers are not only supporting actors, but also frontline combatants with combat skills, elite guards of the king, logistics managers, and agents of symbolic diplomacy. This role affirms that women are an integral part of the total war strategy, with significant political impact in maintaining the legitimacy of power. Through the lens of WPS, it was also found that Estri Warriors had realized gender-based participation, protection, and prevention long before the concept was formulated at the global level. This research emphasizes the importance of an inclusive reconstruction of historical narratives, in which women are placed not as objects of war, but as strategic subjects in national defense.
Copyright (c) 2026 Singgih Wiryono, Fauzia G Cempaka, Almuchalif Suryo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Government Communication Strategy in Building National Defense Information Resilience in the Era of Media Globalization
This study examines government communication strategies in strengthening national defense information resilience amid media globalization. The paper contributes by conceptualizing strategic communication as a non-military defense instrument against disinformation and digital influence operations. Using a qualitative literature-based approach, this study analyzes policy documents, academic journals, and official reports published between 2019–2024 related to government communication, information security, and national defense. The analysis focuses on communication coordination, digital media utilization, public literacy, and institutional capacity. The findings indicate that effective information resilience requires integrated inter-agency communication, advanced digital monitoring, participatory public engagement, and transparent messaging. These results imply that strategic government communication is essential to maintaining national stability and safeguarding information sovereignty in a globalized media environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Didi Hartadi, Totok Imam Santoso, Priyanto Priyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Leadership Style and Compensation on Employee Turnover Intention Mediated by Work Motivation at Mitra Medika Tambakan Clinic in Subang
In this research, we will examine the relationship between leadership style, remuneration, and turnover intention via the lens of work motivation, which will serve as a mediator. A total of 126 staff members from Klinik Mitra Medika Tambakan Subang participated in this survey-based quantitative study. We used SmartPLS version 4 and the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares approach to evaluate the data received from the surveys. Leadership style has a negative and statistically significant influence on turnover intention, but no effect on work motivation, according to the data. While pay does influence employee motivation, it does not influence their decision to leave their current position. In addition, there is a negative and statistically significant relationship between job motivation and intention to leave. The results of the indirect effect analysis reveal that while job satisfaction does not play a mediating role in the connection between management style and desire to leave, it does so in the case of remuneration. In the case of Mitra Medika Tambakan Subang Clinic, these results show that leadership style has a direct effect on workers' intention to quit, whereas remuneration influences turnover intention via enhanced willingness to work. The clinical management team hopes to use the study's findings to improve HR policies pertaining to staff retention and the organization's capacity to weather the long haul.
Copyright (c) 2026 Padma Sari Sanjaya, PM. Budi Haryono, Fushen F https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrative Curriculum Development Model in the BBQ Program
This study aims to describe the implementation of tahfidz learning within the BBQ (Baca-Baca Al Qur’an/Reading the Qur’an) program and to develop an integrative curriculum model based on Hilda Taba’s theory at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Jakarta. The research background arises from the low proficiency of students in reading the Qur’an according to tajwid rules, which is influenced by limited self-study awareness and a spiritual crisis among the younger generation. The study employed a qualitative approach using interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, supported by Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis. The findings reveal that the BBQ program is implemented through three stages: planning (designing learning activities and conducting placement tests), implementation (opening, core activities, and closing), and assessment, which emphasizes tahsin, tajwid, and tahfidz. The approaches applied include persuasive methods, takrir (repetition), and gradual memorization, supported by strategies of grouping students according to their abilities, as well as religious habituation practices such as muraja’ah, talaqqi, and peer tutoring. Learning media consist of Iqra’ books, the Qur’an, audio murattal, and digital devices. The integrative curriculum model developed in this study unites Qur’anic learning with character building and spiritual values through systematic stages of planning, implementation, and evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Imroatul ‘Afifah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Mediating Role of Work Motivation in the Relationship between Leadership Style, Workload, and Turnover Intention among Health Workers at Husada Hospital
The changing dynamics of the healthcare sector require hospitals to maintain workforce stability amid high operational pressure and workload demands. One of the main challenges faced by Husada Hospital is the increasing level of turnover intention among employees. This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership style and workload on turnover intention, with work motivation as a mediating variable. The research sample consisted of 170 employees of Husada Hospital in Jakarta, and data were collected through questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. The results show that leadership style has a positive and significant effect on work motivation and a negative and significant effect on turnover intention, while workload has a negative and significant effect on work motivation and a positive and significant effect on turnover intention. Work motivation does not have a significant effect on turnover intention and does not mediate the relationship between leadership style or workload and turnover intention. These findings indicate that the influence of leadership and workload on employees’ intention to leave occurs directly. This highlights the importance of empathetic leadership and balanced workload management as key strategies to reduce employee turnover. The findings are expected to serve as a valuable reference for hospital management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Winda Wijaya, Hery Winoto Tj, Fushen F https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Store Atmosphere, Product Diversity, Electronic Word of Mouth, and Brand Image on Customer Satisfaction at Gramedia in Rita SuperMall Purwokerto
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of store atmosphere, product diversity, electronic word of mouth and brand image on customer satisfaction at Gramedia Rita SuperMall Purwokerto. This type of research uses quantitative research and questionnaires as tools to collect research data. The population in this study were customers of Gramedia Rita SuperMall Purwokerto with a sample size of 117 people. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 25. The results showed that 1) Store atmosphere did not affect customer satisfaction at Gramedia Rita SuperMall Purwokerto, 2) Product diversity had a positive effect on customer satisfaction at Gramedia Rita SuperMall Purwokerto, 3) Electronic word of mouth had a positive effect on customer satisfaction at Gramedia Rita SuperMall Purwokerto, and 4) Brand image had a positive effect on customer satisfaction at Gramedia Rita SuperMall Purwokerto.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fajar Hafidz Alfarizky, Totok Haryanto, Hengky Widhiandono, Arini Hidayah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategies for Developing Natural Tourist Attractions to Increase Visitor Numbers (A Study of the Suban Hot Springs Tourist Attraction in Rejang Lebong District)
Tourism is one of the important things for a country. With tourism, a country, especially the local government where the tourist attraction is located, will obtain income from each tourist attraction. This study aims to determine the development strategy for the Suban Hot Spring tourist attraction using primary data and the SWOT method. The results of the study are in quadrant II of the diversification strategy with an intersection point (0.7: -0.1) where the situation can be utilized by utilizing strengths and reducing threats in order to increase the growth of the Suban Hot Spring Tourist Attraction. The ST strategy is used to utilize internal strengths to anticipate and control the impact of external factors. The ST strategy policies used are as follows: (i) government assistance management policies based on local independence, (ii) tourism development control policies to maintain natural beauty, (iii) policies to strengthen the role of local communities in cooperation, (iv) policies to control the influence of external culture, (v) policies to standardize prices and tourism services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andrea Afriliana Sari, Romi Gunawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0