The Influence of Green Transformational Leadership and Work Discipline on Employee Performance with Work Environment as a Moderating Variable

Deden Abdul Mubarok

doi:10.55927/fjmr.v4i12.640

Authors

Deden Abdul Mubarok Universitas Mercu Buana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/fjmr.v4i12.640

Keywords:

Green Transformational Leadership, Work Discipline, Employee Performance, Work Environment, Sustainable

Abstract

Sustainability issues and environmentally friendly practices have become an essential part of modern organizational strategies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of Green Transformational Leadership and Work Discipline on Employee Performance, as well as how the Work Environment functions as a moderating variable. The research is motivated by the need to enhance employee performance at PT Hermed to achieve optimal and sustainable outcomes. The research employs a quantitative method with an associative-causal approach. There are 53 responders in the sample, selected using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through surveys using questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal that Green Transformational Leadership, Work Discipline, and the Work Environment significantly affect Employee Performance. Furthermore, the Work Environment moderates the relationship between Green Transformational Leadership and Employee Performance, but it does not moderate the relationship among Work Discipline and Employee Performance. These findings emphasize that employee performance can be improved through environmentally oriented transformational leadership, strong work discipline, and a supportive work environment.

References

Abourokbah, S., Bajaba, S., & Yaqub, M. Z. (2024). Leading The Green Wave: How And When Green Transformational Leadership Cultivates Employee Green Creativity. Acta Psychologica, 250(September), 104503. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Actpsy.2024.104503

Afshar Bakeshlo, Z., Omidvar, M., & Gigauri, I. (2024). Green Transformational Leadership: A Systematic Literature Review And Future Research Suggestion. In Marketing And Resource Management For Green Transitions In Economies (Pp. 47–74). Igi Global

Afshar Bakeshlo, Z., Omidvar, M., & Gigauri, I. (2024). Green Transformational Leadership: A Systematic Literature Review And Future Research Suggestion. Dalam M. Andrei, M. Vasić, L. Chivu, & B. Kuzman (Eds.), Marketing And Resource Management For Green Transitions In Economies (Hlm. 47–74). Hershey, Pa: Igi Global.

Aguinis, H. (2019). Performance Management (4th Ed.). Chicago Business Press.

Alkhozaim, S. M., Alshiha, F. A., Alnasser, E. M., & Alshiha, A. A. (2024). How Green Performance Is Affected By Green Talent Management In Tourism And Hospitality Businesses: A Mediation Model. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(16). Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Su16167093

Alwali, J., & Alwali, W. (2024). Transformational leadership and moral norms: green human resource management and behaviour. Management Decision. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-09-2023-1682emerald.com+1jmbr.ppm-school.ac.id+1

Amriani, S., Maulana, R., & Suryani, D. (2025). The Effect Of Green Transformational Leadership, Work Discipline And Organizational Citizenship Behavior On Employee Performance.

Ángeles, L.-C., Vázquez-Rodríguez, P., & Quiñoá-Piñeiro, L. M. (2022). An approach to employees’ job performance through work environmental variables and leadership behaviours. Journal of Business Research, 140, 361–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.11.006

Ansari, H. U. H., & Khan, S. N. (2024). Linking green transformational leadership and employee pro-environmental behavior: The role of intention and work environment. Sustainable Futures, 8(October), 100336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2024.100336

Apriyani, N., Jaya, R. C., & Nuradina, K. (2023). The impact that work environment, work motivation, and work discipline have on the performance of Hammer Strong Bandung employees. Journal of Business and Management Inaba, 2(2), 111–130. https://doi.org/10.56956/jbmi.v2i02.252

Aulia, K. Z., & Nawangsari, L. C. (2023). Effects of green human resource management and green transformational leadership towards employee

sustainable performance through employee green behavior at Mercu Buana University. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 8(5), 181–186. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.5.2128

Aulia, R., & Nawangsari, D. (2024). Effects of green human resource management and green transformational leadership on sustainable performance.

Aust, I., Cooke, F. L., Müller-Camen, M., & Wood, G. (2024). Achieving sustainable development goals through common good HRM: Context, approach and practice. Human Resource Management Review, 35(2), 101060. https://doi.org/10.1177/23970022241240890

Averina, M. Z., Irawanto, W., & Kurniawati, D. (2023). The effect of transformational leadership on sustainable employee performance with organizational commitment and green motivation as the mediating.

Avriesa, N. K., & Gumilar, D. (2024). Pengaruh disiplin kerja dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada CV. Sinar Abadi Bandung. JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi), 10(3), 2027–2035. https://doi.org/10.35870/jemsi.v10i3.2504

Azhar, M., & Yang, J. (2022). Transformational leadership and sustainable practices: How leadership style shapes pro-environmental behavior.

Bhatti, S. H., Awan, H. M., & Razaq, Z. (2021). The role of green intellectual capital and green transformational leadership on sustainable performance.

Bucuk, A. (2021). Manajemen sumber daya manusia modern. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.

Chen, Y., & Wu, C. (2022). Green transformational leadership and organizational green performance: Mediating role of green policies.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.).

Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Cop, S., Kusumastuti, R. D., & Kartika, D. (2021). Environmental leadership boosts green innovation: The moderating role of organizational climate.

Demir, B., Akdemir, M. A., Kara, A. U., Şahin, Y., & Topcuoğlu, E. (2025). Mediating role of green innovation and environmental performance in GTL effect on competitive advantage.

Eliwaidi, R., Alqubaisi, F., & Alghamdi, N. (2022). Environmentally transformational leadership and green innovation in hotel industry: The role of support and promotion focus.

Evina, E., Saputra, A. R. P., & Nuvriasari, A. (2024). Green training, green recruitment, and green transformational leadership on employee performance in retail store. International Journal of Management, Knowledge and Learning, 13, 13–27. https://doi.org/10.53615/2232-5697.13.13-27

Fahrurrozi, M., Supriyono, & Sumekar, K. (2023). The effect of work discipline and work environment on employee performance through work motivation: Study of employees of the State Treasury Service Office in Central Java Province. Formosa Journal of Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v2i3.3447

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Harasis, A., Al-Helalat, J., & Aqrabawi, R. (2024). Linking transformational leadership and green innovation via employee performance.

Igi Global. (2024). Green transformational leadership and organizational behavior effectiveness. IGI Global Publishing.

Karimah, F., Prasetyo, E., & Mulyadi, Y. (2025). The impact of green human resource management and green transformational leadership on sustainable performance.

Karimah, S., Suswati, E., & Priyatna, N. M. (2025). Green HRM practices and sustainable performance: Examining the role of green transformational leadership. E-Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 14(2), 178–192. https://doi.org/10.24843/EEB.2025.v14.i02.p04

Kim, Y. J., Kim, W. G., Choi, H.-M., & Phetvaroon, K. (2024). Enhancing employee green performance through green training: The mediating influence of organizational green culture and work ethic in the mining sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, 449, 141105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141105

Kurnia, C., & Widigdo, A. M. N. (2021). Effect of work-life balance, job demand, job insecurity on employee performance at PT Jaya Lautan Global with employee well-being as a mediation variable. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 6(5), 147–152. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.5.948

Leal Filho, W., Azul, A. M., Brandli, L., Lange Salvia, A., & Wall, T. (Eds.). (2020). Partnerships for the goals. Springer.

Li, F., Zhou, W., & Wang, D. (2024). How green transformational leadership affects employee green performance.

Lituhayu, A. S., Dewi, A. Y. P., & Wibowo, B. A. (2024). The effect of green transformational leadership and environmental satisfaction on employee performance.

Lopez, M. A., Fernandez, J., & Rosas, V. (2022). Green transformational leadership and team green performance under team climate.

Mangkunegara, A. A. A. P. (2015). Manajemen sumber daya manusia perusahaan. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.

M. A., Mohamud, F. A. S., Mohamud, I. H., & Farah, M. A. (2024). The influence of workplace relationships and job satisfaction of private universities in Mogadishu: Employee performance as a mediator variable. Frontiers in Education, 9 (December), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1485356

Moningkey, P. L., & Dotulong, L. O. H. (2022). Pengaruh disiplin kerja dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan BPTD Wilayah XXII Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal EMBA, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v10i1.38515

Muhammad Ramdhan Rimald, M., & Permana Saputra, A. R. (2024). Gestión de recursos humanos y liderazgo verde en transformación rendimiento de los empleados en la cueva turismo industria. Journal of Management & Business Studies, 6, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.32457/jmabs.v6i1.2529