The Use of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) In Evaluating the Cross-Regional Tourism Management of Coban Sewu (Tumpak Sewu), East Java: Problems and Solutions

Purwoto Purwoto; Agus Sholahuddin; Praptining Sukowati

doi:10.55927/fjmr.v4i12.621

Authors

Purwoto Purwoto Universitas Merdeka Malang
Agus Sholahuddin Universitas Merdeka Malang
Praptining Sukowati Universitas Merdeka Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/fjmr.v4i12.621

Keywords:

Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), Coban Sewu, Tourism Governance, Dual Management, Cross-Region

Abstract

Coban Sewu is a prime destination located between Malang and Lumajang Regencies, but it still faces various cross-regional governance issues such as ticket dualism, differing service standards, and conflicts of interest between Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) and the community. This study uses Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to identify the problem structure and formulate a more integrated management model. Through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis, this study constructs a rich picture, CATWOE, and a conceptual model, comparing them with real-world conditions. Key findings indicate that the root of the problem lies in the absence of a formal coordination mechanism, weak communication between actors, and inconsistent policy orientations. This study proposes a solution model in the form of an integrated ticket system, the establishment of a joint management board, and the harmonization of cross-regional regulations. These results confirm that SSM is effective in developing policy recommendations for managing complex tourism destinations.

References

Almeida, J., Costa, C., & Nunes da Silva, F. (2017). A framework for conflict analysis in spatial planning for tourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 24, 94–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.07.021

Arieta, S., Niko, N., Rahmaniah, S. E., Rupita, R., & Igiasi, T. S. (2022). Pembangunan pariwisata perbatasan (border tourism) berbasis pengarusutamaan gender. Sang Pencerah: Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton, 8(3), 2151. https://doi.org/10.35326/pencerah.v8i3.2151

Asthu, A. A. (2020). Pengembangan wilayah perbatasan Indonesia menggunakan pendekatan pariwisata. Jurnal Sosioteknologi, 19(1), 45–66. https://doi.org/10.5614/sostek.itbj.2020.19.1.6

Bramwell, B., & Lane, B. (2011). Critical research on the governance of tourism and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(4–5), 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.580586

Checkland, P. (1981). Systems thinking, systems practice. John Wiley & Sons.

Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65–91.

Emerson, K., Nabatchi, T., & Balogh, S. (2012). An integrative framework for collaborative governance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 22(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mur011

Emerson, R. M. (1976). Social exchange theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 2(1), 335–362.

Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Pitman.

Mason, P. (2003). Tourism impacts, planning and management. Butterworth-Heinemann.

Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., & Wood, D. J. (1997). Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 853–886. https://doi.org/10.2307/259247

Nugroho, R. (2003). Kebijakan publik: Formulasi, implementasi dan evaluasi. PT Elex Media Komputindo.

Pitana, I. G. (2005). Sosiologi pariwisata: Kajian sosiologis terhadap struktur, sistem dan dampak-dampak pariwisata. Andi Offset.

Pressman, J. L., & Wildavsky, A. (1973). How great expectations in Washington are dashed in Oakland: Or, why it’s amazing that federal programs work at all. University of California Press.

Reed, M. S., Graves, A., Dandy, N., Posthumus, H., Hubacek, K., Morris, J., … Stringer, L. C. (2009). Who’s in and why? A typology of stakeholder analysis methods for natural resource management. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(5), 1933–1949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.001

Sabatier, P., & Mazmanian, D. (1980). The implementation of public policy: A framework of analysis. Policy Studies Journal, 8(4), 538–560.

Sharpley, R. (2002). Rural tourism and the challenge of tourism diversification: The case of Cyprus. Tourism Management, 23(3), 233–244.

Soekadijo, R. G. (2000). Anatomi pariwisata: Memahami pariwisata sebagai systemic linkage. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Subarsono, A. G. (2005). Analisis kebijakan publik. Pustaka Pelajar.

WWF. (2000). Stakeholder collaboration: Building bridges for conservation. World Wildlife Fund.

Williams, B. (2005). Soft Systems. Available at bobwill@actrix.co.nz and http://users.actrix.co.nz/bobwill Retrieved on 13th April, 2013.

Wilson, B. (1984, 1990). Systems: Concepts, Methodologies and Applications, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ISBN 0-471-92716-3

World Tourism Organization (1990). Recommendations on Tourism Statistics, and Concepts Definitions and Classifications for Tourism Statistics. Available athttp://www.world- tourism.orgRetrieved on 4th May, 2013.